Freezing To Death

We've published this before, but it bears repeating....


It seems like every year, we hear of a young person, usually a college student, who is found outside, dead from exposure to the cold. Frequently, if not every time, there is alcohol involved. The person drank too much, tried to walk home, fell or passed out while walking, and lay in the snow until he or she died by freezing to death.

How does that happen?

There is a reason there is a "legal" age to drink alcohol: when you're too young, you don't know how to handle it. In fact, plenty of people much older don't know how to handle it, either.

Once people graduate from high school and begin college, the game changes in a lot of ways. For many, they will live at the college they attend, whether in a dorm or in off-campus housing. Even students who commute will have much less parental involvement in their lives: they will be making their own decisions, since there aren't parents hovering around. There will be underage drinking, and there will be first-time drinkers.

*The 'legal' age for drinking in Minnesota is 21.

There's also sometimes a 'crowd mentality' involved: Everybody else is doing it, I don't want to be different. We're just having fun, that's all.


Because this is all new and exhilarating, sometimes people will overdo things they have not done before. One thing they'll overdo is drinking: they may drink more than they ought to because they don't know how it affects them. They've never felt what it's like to be drunk, not to mention the 'hangover' the next day. Alcohol is a poison, or toxin, that our bodies don't need and don't want. We have to get rid of these toxins so the body can return to normal, and the process isn't fun.

 

 *Did you know that your alcohol level actually rises after you stop drinking?

 

When you live on campus, it's likely you don't have a car, although students who commute often go to parties with friends who will give them a ride. Once a party's over or if you simply want to leave, you'll walk, or try to walk, to get home or to the next party. Maybe you don't know a lot of people there and feel stupid asking someone to walk with you. Maybe you don't think simply walking home is going to be a big deal. The problem is: you're carrying a lot of poison/alcohol in your system and you're not your usual self. You set out walking towards your home/dorm/apartment and think, I know where I'm going, I'll be fine. I'm doing the right thing by not driving. If I drove I'd be endangering myself and others. You may think: It's cold outside, that will sober me up fast.

 

Yeah, not really.

 

What happens sometimes is that a person will start walking, find himself confused, and stumble and fall, or pass out and fall, or slip and fall in the snow, and not get up. Here is how fast tissues freeze:

This chart shows what the wind chill is when you figure the temperature plus the speed of the wind, and how many minutes until you would have frostbite.

Here is what the Mayo Clinic says about alcohol and hypothermia:

"Alcohol and drug use. Alcohol may make your body feel warm inside, but it causes your blood vessels to dilate, or expand, resulting in more rapid heat loss from the surface of your skin. The use of alcohol or recreational drugs can affect your judgment about the need to get inside or wear warm clothes in cold weather conditions. If a person is intoxicated and passes out in cold weather, he or she is likely to develop hypothermia."

 Read more about this at their website:

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothermia/basics/definition/CON-20020453

And that's how you can also lose fingers and toes to frostbite: Your body figures you don't absolutely need fingers and toes to live, but you do need your heart, lungs, and internal organs. it shuts off blood supply to the hands and feet and tries its best to keep your organs warm.

 

At first, your fingers, toes, nose, and ears will feel numb or tingly. A bit later, the skin will turn white, and after that, it will swell, bleed, and develop blisters. It will eventually turn color as the damage presents itself. Frostbite causes irreversible damage to your tissues and blood vessels; it is similar to a burn, ironically. It can go deep into the bones of the tissue as well. If the tissue dies, there may be amputation involved. 

 

From the National Institutes of Health:

Cold weather can affect your body in different ways. You can get frostbite, which is frozen body tissue. Your body can also lose heat faster than you can produce it. The result is hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature. It can make you sleepy, confused and clumsy. Because it happens gradually and affects your thinking, you may not realize you need help. That makes it especially dangerous. A body temperature below 95° F is a medical emergency and can lead to death if not treated promptly.

Remember, alcohol is a depressant, that is, it slows down your body including reflexes such as reaction time as well. Notice where it says "hypothermia can make you sleepy, confused, and clumsy." These are the same as signs of having too much to drink . Imagine combining the two, and you can see the danger of drinking and going out into the cold.

And so if you've been drinking, whether 'binge drinking' or less, and head out into the cold, you have two things working against you.

 

Another danger in our area is the rivers and lakes we all enjoy. They are fun to play on and in, but are easy to fall into. Let's say you lose your way and wander into the river, break through some thin ice, and can't move well enough to get back out. You may drown, die from alcohol poisoning, or die from exposure to the cold, or some of all three. Maybe you think it's fun to skate in your shoes because you've lost your good judgment....but it turns out the lake you're on isn't really frozen, and you fall in.

 

So, what can we do to avoid it?

• First, of course, would be not to drink at a party, or to have one drink and then stop. It's a bad idea for anyone to take in too much at any time. It helps a bit to eat some food to help the alcohol take longer to process in your body, but it won't prevent you from being drunk.
• Establish early who will be your 'walking home buddy.'
• Before the party, do a search online for taxis or Sober Cabs in your area. Put a few of their numbers in your Contacts list. Better to pay a driver and get home safely.
• If you drove, then definitely don't drink. If you see someone too drunk to drive, offer to drive that person home so he doesn't get into his car and drive.
• Consider having one drink of alcohol and then only soda the rest of the evening.
• Drinking coffee after too much alcohol, does not make a person sober.
• Of course, you should speak up if a friend is getting too carried away. That's easier said than done while everyone is partying, of course.
• ALWAYS (did I mention always) go with at least one friend. Let another person know where you're going and when you expect to get there. Then call or text when you arrive. A simple "I'm home now" is more than sufficient. If you have 'dropped off'' your friend and you will be continuing to your home, make sure your friend goes into his building, before you walk away.
• When you arrive at your destination, you should also call or text back that you have safely arrived.
• Watch for someone that's in trouble. Offer to be his/her walking buddy. If you need to, ask around at the party for people to give a dollar or two-take up a collection-and call a taxi to take the person home. 
• See if you can just spend the night at the host's house. If you host the party, offer that as an option to anyone who needs it.

SoberCar is a service that has drivers to get you and your car home safely. There is a fee. https://www.sobercar.com/ or call 651 788 9118. You could put this number in your phone in case you ever need it.

We just want you to be safe this winter. We want you to get home after a party, warm up, and live to enjoy your life.

Have A Safe Swim!!

Here are some tips for being safe at the beach or pool:

• Choose a beach or pool where there is a lifeguard. Your chances of drowning at a location where there is no guard are five times higher, according to the U.S. Lifesaving Association.
• Learn to swim, and have your kids take swimming lessons as well. Often you can find lessons through community education or local schools, held at local pools. 
• Walk into the water if it is a new location for you. See if there are any drop-offs, and how soon the water becomes too deep for you to stand.

 

• Always jump into the water, feet first: don’t dive in head first. A neck injury can be very serious. You can jam your neck in such a way as to injure your spinal cord, causing paralysis that will be permanent. You can also hit your head hard enough to cause a brain injury.

•  Wear old tennis shoes or water shoes if the bottom of the lake is ‘sticky’ or muddy so that you can get better traction.

• Alcohol obviously affects your judgment and reaction time, but did you know that it can also alter your body temperature? Check this out from the University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics:

Contrary to what is believed, alcohol may make you feel warmer but it actually lowers the temperature of the body. When alcohol enters the blood, it causes the blood vessels to widen. More blood flows to the skin's surface. The drinker's body temperature drops as the increased blood flow to the surface allows body heat to escape. People who drink alcohol in cold weather to get warm actually accomplish the opposite. Thus, if you hop into a lake to cool off when you have had alcohol, you will get even colder.

• Statistics at the Center for Disease Control show that of all drowning victims, 80% are male, and children ages 1 to 4 swimming in ‘kiddie’ pools at home make up 30% of all childhood accidental deaths.

For further data you can check out their website:

http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Water-Safety/waterinjuries-factsheet.html#prevented

• Be sure to use life jackets when riding in a boat – Put Them On!
• Other toys to use in the water such as Fun Noodles, ‘water wings,’ and inflatable rafts are not a substitute for a life jacket. You can let your child play in the water wearing a life jacket, but don’t use that as an excuse to pay no attention. When it comes to playing in water, You should always be no more than an arm's length from your children.

Wear sun block that is waterproof, and re-apply every 2 hours. Make sure the lotion is not past its expiration date. You need to apply approximately 1/4 cup of sunblock in order for it to be effective.

Enjoy the summer, and be safe!