Showing posts with label Biology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Biology. Show all posts

Monday, December 2, 2019

Careers in Pharmacy

Have you thought about becoming a pharmacist? Here are some facts you may or may not know:

There are different kinds of pharmacists, including....

Academic Pharmacists - These are instructors in the field of Pharmacy Science.

Armed Services - These are people serving in the military as pharmacists, who may work with injured or ill servicemen and women, or may work on research of biological terrorism.

Industry - These are pharmacists who are sales reps for drug manufacturers. They usually travel to clinics and hospitals to let them know of new products available to treat their patients. If your doctor has ever given you a sample of a drug to try, it most likely came from a pharmacy sales rep.

Science/Research Pharmacists - these are the people who develop new drugs, including finding drugs to target a specific condition and testing them to be sure they are safe, and what side effects they produce.



The most common kind of pharmacist, however, is called a Community Pharmacist, because he or she works right in your community at local drug stores and the pharmacy department of stores like Target, Walmart, Walgreens, CVS, Cub, etc. and may also work within a hospital.



Coursework to become a pharmacist will include biology, chemistry, anatomy & physiology, biochemistry, ethics, physics, natural science, math, and business administration, as well as social sciences and humanities.

All pharmacists (they are called 'chemists' in the United Kingdom) must complete a Pharm.D., or Doctor of Pharmacy, degree. This includes two years or more of undergraduate work plus another 4 years of professional pharmacy study. Before you can start work as a pharmacist, frequently you will complete an internship for 1 or 2 years, although it is not always required. You must pass the NAPLEX test, which certifies that you are capable to be a pharmacist and tests your scientific knowledge, and the MPJE, which certifies that you know the legal aspects of being a pharmacist.  You must pass these two exams before you become certified.

What kind of pharmacist do you want to be? Do you want to do research? Sales? Work in the Armed Forces? Do you want to work with pure science or with people?




You may want to find a career with the United States Food and Drug Administration, the FDA. The FDA regulates food safety and also medicine-related things like over the counter (sometimes called OTC) drugs for humans and animals; medical devices including pacemakers and insulin pumps; machines that use radiation; cosmetics; tobacco products, and dental treatments. As a pharmacist, the items you sell or dispense will have to meet FDA standards. Read more about the FDA here: https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-basics/what-does-fda-regulate


A successful pharmacist working in local drug stores has been entrusted with a highly responsible role. He or she will enjoy working with people, from doctors and nurses to patients who have come in to consult or have a prescription filled. A pharmacist must 'catch' a situation where a drug has been prescribed that won't work with, or may be harmful, when taken with a patient's other prescriptions, or when a patient is allergic to a particular medication.


Since new medications are being developed all the time, you need to stay updated constantly on these new drugs and how they work. You will likely have continuing education throughout your career.

You need to be comfortable with technology and business practices, and be aware that you may work any shift in a pharmacy that is open 24 hours a day. You will also be interacting with Pharmacy Technicians who assist you in running the pharmacy, as well as security (keeping all medications under lock and key-safeguarding against theft), awareness of drug abuse and fraud, planning your supplies so as to not run out of stocked medications as well as making sure they are being stored properly, and emergency situations.


Have you heard about drug companies (all of them together sometimes are called "Big Pharma") overpricing drugs we use? Read more about that here: https://www.investors.com/news/technology/drug-prices-what-we-know-about-rising-prescription-prices/


Since you will be more available than many doctors, patients will often ask you about a drug or a treatment; you have to retain a vast amount of information on many different drugs and how they work. On a given day, you may be asked questions about diabetes, wound care, depression medications, cold relief, acid reflux, vitamins, or high blood pressure.

Meds for pets are often filled at "people'" pharmacies 

If you are highly interested in chemistry and biology, how the body reacts to drug treatments, and the well-being of people as a whole, and if you take an interest in people who come to you for information about their prescriptions, you might make a great pharmacist.

Here is a website that answers lots of questions you might have: http://www.aacp.org/resources/studentaffairspersonnel/admissionsguidelines/Documents/studentbrochure2.pdf

Monday, February 4, 2019

Have a Heart

February is Heart Health Month... What do you know about the heart?

  • The 'heart' shape we use now was probably an effort to draw the heart before people knew what it looked like inside the body. 


                Cross-section, human heart. All mammal hearts look very similar.... such as:


                                        This is a pig's heart




                                         This is the heart of a dog



  • A human heart beats about 70 times a minute in men, 78 times a minute in women.
  • A transplanted heart beats about 100-110 times per minute.
  • The left lung is a little smaller than the right so there is enough room for the heart.
  • The heart weighs about 11 ounces and is about the size of your fist.
  • Your heart beats 100,000 times a day and 2.5 billion times in a lifetime.


  • It pumps 2000 gallons of blood every day.
  • All mammal hearts have four chambers.
  • That  'thump-thump' sound the heart makes is due to the four heart valves opening and closing.
  • The only organs in your body that do not receive blood are the corneas in your eyes.
  • Cocaine interferes with the heart's electrical activity and can stop the heart.
  • There are some prescription drugs that can affect your heart rate.
  • Methamphetamines affect the heart.
  • Caffeine can make your heart rate speed up, as can decongestants and being dehydrated.
  • Anxiety can make your heart beat irregularly (the mind/body connection).
  • 30% of people who die of heart disease are smokers, and at least 20% of people die from smoking-related disease that may not be of the heart: Emphysema, for example. Stop smoking!


  • In 2006, death rates due to heart disease were the worst in Mississippi and the fewest in Minnesota.
  • Heart disease kills 500,000 women a year and 450,000 men a year.
  • CT scans of ancient Egyptian mummies show that they had heart disease....and this was long before fast food diets and people not having enough activity, which is known to cause heart disease now.
  • Women's heart attack symptoms are more likely to include a feeling of nausea, indigestion, and pain in the jaw or the shoulder.
  • Men's heart attack symptoms are typically sweating, pain down the left arm, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
  • A panic attack can mimic a heart attack.
Someone with an irregular heartbeat may be fitted with a pacemaker that will regulate his or her heart. Learn about pacemakers here: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/pacemaker/basics/why-its-done/prc-20014279


    An EKG:

 
 
Take Care Of Your Heart!! 
 
 

Monday, September 18, 2017

Job Description: Pharmacist

A Pharmacist does much more than just count out pills to put in prescription bottles.
 
A typical course of education for a pharmacist begins with a Bachelors Degree: 2 years of generals and then 2 years of classes such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Anatomy & Physiology, and pharmaceutical practices.


The doctorate degree includes education in laws involved with pharmacy practice, dosage, health management, and equipment used on the job. The schooling will then include a residency program lasting one to two years, similar to a medical doctor.


Education must take place at a school accredited by the Accreditation Council of Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE), and must pass the NAPLEX (Board certification exam) to obtain a license to practice as a pharmacist.
Here are some responsibilities of a pharmacist:
 
  • Noting allergies:Does the patient have a reaction to a drug? What can be substituted?
  • Filling prescriptions on a timely basis
  • Knowledge of insurance coverage: there are many insurance companies to deal with, including people using Medicare or Medicaid or assistance with their prescriptions: What's covered, and the amount covered?
  • Advising patients about their medications
  • Staying up-do-date on new medications
  • Being aware of any problems with medications such as recalls
  • Knowledge of chronic illnesses and their medications, such as diabetes or heart disease


  • Communicating with medical professionals such as doctors or nurse practitioners
  • Knowing when two drugs cannot be taken together, catching that mistake, and suggesting a different combination, possibly to the physician
  • Instructing patients how to take their medications: Does orange juice make it less powerful? Can you take it on an empty stomach, or not?
  • Understanding how the drugs are going to work to combat a condition
  • Warning patients of side effects
  • Knowledge about over the counter  (not prescription) treatments
More details on the coursework:  http://study.com/pharmacist_education.html